Techniques

Follow the instructions for each section:

=I.- State a definition __for one technique__. Be sure that anything you write is with your own words, is not plagiarised and is gramatically correct. Do not write a definition for an already defined technique. Be sure you write your name next to your contribution and insert a line (is by pressing the botton next to (link).=

48. Equivalent frequency of usage : It is like a way of verying the translation, and it should be as the word is used more but respecting the semantic equivalence. (Mirsa)
 * DEFINITIONS**

49. Words outside their normal contexts 50. The back-translation test: this test can help to realize how close is the translation to the source text. With this some mistakes and not coherence phrases (if there is any) can be spoted and corrected, so the translation does not loose the meaning of the source text or lenguage.(Genesis)

51. Translation as interlanguage 52. National characteristics: terms or words that can be understood by the receptor without been translated and that are proper of a certain country (Juliana)

53. Stress and meaning 54. When and when not to repeat a word: a word can be repeated in the TL if it is repeated in the SL but if it is bad written not, however in some cases it is accepted as with the proper names, etc (Virginia)

55. Cultural allusions in non-'expressive' texts 56. Alternative terms Is when it exists a term in the SL which has two or more alternative posibilities, in the TL the translator must use one of them (Genesis)

Sometimes in the SL has alternative terms of certain words, but in the TL has one alternative. The translator, obviously, should take the one alternative for translate and give sense to the text. In other cases, for not creating a mess, the translator can write in brackets the SL word to understand the TL. (Isla)

57.Titles: They are best if they are translated at the end in order that the translator can know much more about the translation by itself and the titles tend to appear in the TL shorter than in the SL (Laura Elizabeth)

58. Almost empty words:There are words that are not content and are not important, so they do not have to be translated neccessarily. (CYNTHIA)

59. Quotations: Quotations should be rendered as literal as possible. The translator should not pay attention of its utility but on remainig faithful to the SL quotation. (Maritza)

60. The text and the notes 61. The possible redundancy of SL metalanguage 62. Third language proper nouns: when there is a name in another language that it is not the source or target, it needs to be checked for spelling mistakes. (CYNTHIA)

63. Deletion 64. The text writer's idiolect: When the original text is written with proper features (idiolect)of the writer, the translation need to be improved by omitting those words.(CYNTHIA)

65. Terms of art variants 66. Similies and images 67. Tone: is related to the communicative effect with the one the SLT was intended. The translator must render the same effect in the TLT through the proper use of syntax, mood and voice. (Maritza)

68. Referring 69. Proper names in communicative translation 70. Lengthy titles: it is used for translating long titles. The way to do it is by cutting the long title into two sections and re arrenging the order of the words to make it understandable. (Maritza)

71. Synonymous adjectives in collocation: This refers to adjectives that are synonyms and go together so, they have a meaning in that way. This can become clichés. (CYNTHIA)

72. Unfamiliar acronyms 73. The shift of scale 74. Not found 75. Extension of expression 76. Key-words in literature 77. Translation shifts

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78. Paraphrase: __it is a common way to say something that another person said but with other words and trying to say the same idea of course.(__LIZBETH)

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79. Transposition:is when we replace a word in the target language without altering the meaning of the source text (Ashly) 80. The wave process of translation 81. Typical phenomena: related to those words that are typical in a country and that has become so popular that it is not longer necessary to translate them. (Maritza)

82. Idiolect: is the form of a language spoken by an individual group, class, or nation.(Ashly) 83. Translation balancing act 84. Acceptability, metaphor and translation 85. 'Standardized' into 'non-standardized' language 86. Phonological translation 87. Unfamiliar abbreviation 88. Reference books: 89. German titles 90. Translation and collaboration 91. From sense to metaphor 92. Peripheral cultural terms 93. Flexibility: 94. Misprints and lateral thinking 95. 'Not found' again or neologistic abbreviations 96. Dialect words:is the specific words that is a characteristic of a particular group of speakers,class or nation. (Ashly) 97. Headings and titles 98. Double translation

=I.- Write an example __for five of these techniques__. Be sure that anything you write is with your own words, is not plagiarised and is gramatically correct. Do not write an example for an already exemplified technique. Be sure you write your name next to your contribution and insert a line (is by pressing the botton next to (link).=

48. Equivalent frequency of usage: "No tengo ni idea" cannot be translated as "I have no premonition" because it violates these levels of usage in the TL. (CYNTHIA)
 * EXAMPLES**

49. Words outside their normal contexts. 50. The back-translation test 51. Translation as interlanguage 52. National characteristics. Tacos are an example of Mexican's gastronomic culture. Los tacos son un ejemplo de la cultura gastronómica mexicana. (Maritza)

53. Stress and meaning 54. When and when not to repeat a word 55. Cultural allusions in non-'expressive' texts 56. Alternative terms 57.Titles 58. Almost empty words: Get, make, let, take... Let me take for you- Lo llevare por ti (CYNTHIA)

59. Quotations: "[|A man can be happy with any woman as long as he does not love her.]" Oscar Wilde "Un hombre puede ser feliz con cualquier mujer siempre y cuando él no la ame" Oscar Wilde (Maritza)

60. The text and the notes 61. The possible redundancy of SL metalanguage 62. Third language proper nouns: When Anavela arrives we got surprised- Cuando Anabela llegó nos sorprendimos. (Anabela is portuguese )(CYNTHIA)

63. Deletion 64. The text writer's idiolect: ¿Cómo le hizo vos para tener ese carro?. -wha did you do to get that car? (CYNTHIA) 65. Terms of art variants 66. Similies and images 67. Tone: Hurry up, the house is on fire! ¡Apúrate, la casa se está quemando! (Maritza)

68. Referring 69. Proper names in communicative translation: The proper names are leaved in the same way due to it has the same sense in the TL as in the SL or sometimes it can be translated with 2 or 3 different manners depending on the context. (Laura Elizabeth)

70. Lengthy titles: 71. Synonymous adjectives in collocation: I.i.e. dreadful and awful- sumamente espantoso. (CYNTHIA)

72. Unfamiliar acronyms 73. The shift of scale 74. Not found 75. Extension of expression 76. Key-words in literature 77. Translation shifts 78. Paraphrase: 79. Transposition:is when we replace a word in the target language without altering the meaning of the source text. (Ashly) 80. The wave process of translation 81. Typical phenomena 82. Idiolect 83. Translation balancing act 84. Acceptability, metaphor and translation 85. 'Standardized' into 'non-standardized' language 86. Phonological translation: Phillipines- Filipinos (Maritza)

87. Unfamiliar abbreviation: DOA. Deliver of Autorithy - PA Por ausencia (Maritza)

88. Reference books 89. German titles 90. Translation and collaboration 91. From sense to metaphor 92. Peripheral cultural terms 93. Flexibility: the flexibility of this job is good for me because im studying and working for survive.(Ashly) 94. Misprints and lateral thinking 95. 'Not found' again or neologistic abbreviations 96. Dialect words: pagala(zapoteco) esto quiere decir cuanto cuesta y es un dialect word por que es especifico de este dialecto.(Ashly) 97. Headings and titles 98. Double translation